Connecting Dark Gauge Symmetry to the Standard Model

TL;DR

This paper explores a dark gauge symmetry framework linking dark matter to the Standard Model via a new $U(1)_D$ gauge symmetry, detailing particle interactions and relic abundance mechanisms.

Contribution

It introduces a novel connection between dark number and Standard Model quantum numbers, and discusses mechanisms for dark matter relic abundance involving dark gauge bosons and Higgs.

Findings

Dark matter as a neutral Dirac fermion charged under $U(1)_D$

Dark gauge boson and Higgs enable relic abundance mechanisms

Dark number relates to baryon and lepton numbers through a specific formula

Abstract

Dark matter is postulated to be a neutral Dirac fermion, charged under a dark $U(1)_D$ gauge symmetry. Scalar partners of the quarks and leptons are also charged under $U(1)_D$. The dark gauge boson $Z_D$ and the dark Higgs boson $h_D$ enable either freeze-out or freeze-in mechanisms to account for the correct dark matter relic abundance. Dark number $D$ is connected to baryon number $B$ and lepton number $L$ through $D=3B+L-(2j)_{[mod~2]}$ where $j$ is the intrinsic spin of the particle.