Multispectral time-resolved energy-momentum microscopy using high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet radiation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a high-repetition-rate high-harmonic generation source combined with advanced microscopy to perform time- and momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, enabling detailed 3D electronic structure mapping with ultrafast resolution.

Contribution

It presents a novel tabletop setup that combines high-harmonic EUV radiation with a momentum microscope for 3D electronic structure analysis at ultrafast timescales.

Findings

Successful 3D Fermi surface mapping on graphene-covered Ir(111).

Achieved energy resolution of less than 100 meV.

Demonstrated sub-100-fs time resolution in photoemission spectroscopy.

Abstract

A 790-nm-driven high-harmonic generation source with a repetition rate of 6 kHz is combined with a toroidal-grating monochromator and a high-detection-efficiency photoelectron time-of-flight momentum microscope to enable time- and momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy over a spectral range of $23.6$-$45.5$ eV with sub-100-fs time resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) Fermi surface mapping is demonstrated on graphene-covered Ir(111) with energy and momentum resolutions of $\lesssim$$100$ meV and $\lesssim$$0.1$ $\r{A}^{-1}$, respectively. The table-top experiment sets the stage for measuring the $k_z$-dependent ultrafast dynamics of 3D electronic structure, including band structure, Fermi surface, and carrier dynamics in 3D materials as well as 3D orbital dynamics in molecular layers.