On the Origin of Black Hole Paradoxes

TL;DR

This paper examines the black hole firewall paradox, revealing a contradiction between semi-classical field theory and the equivalence principle, suggesting that resolving the paradox requires relaxing one of these foundational assumptions.

Contribution

It identifies a direct contradiction between semi-classical field theory and the equivalence principle in black hole physics, highlighting the need to reconsider foundational assumptions.

Findings

Contradiction between semi-classical theory and the equivalence principle.

Resolving the paradox may require relaxing one of these assumptions.

Highlights the necessity of re-evaluating black hole postulates.

Abstract

Black hole firewall paradox is an inconsistency between four postulates in black hole physics: (1) the unitary evolution in quantum systems, (2) application of the semi-classical field theory in low curvature backgrounds, (3) statistical mechanical origin of the black hole entropy, and (4) the equivalence principle in the version of no drama for free-falling observers in the vicinity of the horizon. Based on the existence of the Hawking radiation for the static observers standing outside a Schwarzschild black hole, we show a direct contradiction between the postulates (2) and (4). If there is not a way out of this new problem, it implies the necessity of relaxing one of these two assumptions for resolving the black hole firewall paradox.