A Stochastic Planning Method for Low-carbon Building-level Integrated Energy System Considering Electric-Heat-V2G Coupling

TL;DR

This paper introduces a stochastic planning method for low-carbon building-level integrated energy systems that incorporates EVs and V2G, optimizing costs and emissions while considering renewable energy uncertainty and user behavior.

Contribution

It presents a novel two-stage stochastic programming model with chance constraints for planning low-carbon buildings, integrating EV and V2G to enhance system flexibility and sustainability.

Findings

The method effectively reduces CO2 emissions and costs.

Inclusion of EV and V2G improves system flexibility.

Case study validates the model's practical applicability.

Abstract

The concept of low-carbon building is proposed to ameliorate the climate change caused by environmental problems and realize carbon neutrality at the building level in urban areas. In addition, renewable energy curtailment in the power distribution system, as well as low efficiency due to independent operation of traditional energy systems, has been addressed by the application of integrated energy system (IES) to some extent. In this paper, we propose a planning method for low-carbon building-level IES, in which electric vehicles (EV) and the mode of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) are considered and further increase the flexibility of low-carbon buildings. The proposed planning model optimize the investment, operation costs and CO2 emission for building-level IES, so as to achieve the maximum benefit of the construction of the low-carbon building and help the realization of carbon neutrality. Moreover, we consider the uncertainty of distributed renewable energy, multi-energy load fluctuation and the random behavior of EV users, then formulating a two-stage stochastic programming model with chance constraints, in which heuristic moment matching scenario generation (HMMSG) and sample average approximation (SAA) method are applied. In case study, a real IES commercial building in Shanghai, where photovoltaic (PV), energy storage system (ESS), fuel cell (FC), EV, etc. are included as planning options, is used as numerical example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed planning method, with functions of ESS and EV in IES are analyzed in detail in different operation scenarios.