Deposition temperature dependence of thermo-spin and magneto-thermoelectric conversion in Co$_2$MnGa films on Y$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$ and Gd$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$

TL;DR

This study investigates how deposition temperature affects the crystallization and thermoelectric properties of Co$_2$MnGa films on garnet substrates, revealing temperature-dependent effects on spin-caloritronic phenomena relevant for device applications.

Contribution

It demonstrates the impact of deposition temperature on the crystallinity and thermoelectric effects in Co$_2$MnGa films on garnet substrates, highlighting the interplay between structure and spin-caloritronic properties.

Findings

High deposition temperatures induce crystallization of Co$_2$MnGa.

Crystallization enhances the anomalous Ettingshausen effect.

Amorphous and crystalline films show opposite thermoelectric responses.

Abstract

We have characterized Co$_2$MnGa (CMG) Heusler alloy films grown on Y$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$ (YIG) and Gd$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ (GGG) substrates at different deposition temperatures and investigated thermo-spin and magneto-thermoelectric conversion properties by means of a lock-in thermography technique. X-ray diffraction, magnetization, and electrical transport measurements show that the deposition at high substrate temperatures induces the crystallized structures of CMG while the resistivity of the CMG films on YIG (GGG) prepared at and above 500 {\deg}C (550 {\deg}C) becomes too high to measure the thermo-spin and magneto-thermoelectric effects due to large roughness, highlighting the difficulty of fabricating highly ordered continuous CMG films on garnet structures. Our lock-in thermography measurements show that the deposition at high substrate temperatures results in an increase in the current-induced temperature change for CMG/GGG and a decrease in that for CMG/YIG. The former indicates the enhancement of the anomalous Ettingshausen effect in CMG through crystallization. The latter can be explained by the superposition of the anomalous Ettingshausen effect and the spin Peltier effect induced by the positive (negative) charge-to-spin conversion for the amorphous (crystallized) CMG films. These results provide a hint to construct spin-caloritronic devices based on Heusler alloys.