Critical problems of energy frontier Muon Colliders: optics, magnets and radiation

TL;DR

This paper discusses the design challenges and solutions for a 6 TeV Muon Collider, focusing on optics, superconducting magnets, and radiation protection to mitigate backgrounds and magnet loads.

Contribution

It presents a comprehensive design concept for the collider optics, magnet system, and detector protection strategies, integrating previous studies and new analysis for a 6 TeV Muon Collider.

Findings

Design of IR with beta-star=3 mm optimized for background reduction.

Use of tungsten masks and nozzles significantly reduces particle backgrounds.

Magnetic and shielding strategies can reduce background loads by over three orders of magnitude.

Abstract

This White Paper brings together our previous studies on a Muon Collider (MC) and presents a design concept of the 6 TeV MC optics, the superconducting (SC) magnets, and a preliminary analysis of the protection system to reduce magnet radiation loads as well as particle backgrounds in the detector. The SC magnets and detector protection considerations impose strict limitations on the lattice choice, hence the design of the collider optics, magnets and Machine Detector Interface (MDI) are closely intertwined. As a first approximation we use the Interaction Region (IR) design with beta-star=3 mm, whereas for the arcs we re-scale the arc cell design of the 3 TeV MC. Traditional cos-theta coil geometry and Nb3Sn superconductor were used to provide field maps for the analysis and optimization of the arc lattice and IR design, as well as for studies of beam dynamics and magnet protection against radiation. The stress management in the coil will be needed to avoid large degradation or even damage of the brittle SC coils. In the assumed IR designs, the dipoles close to the Interaction Point (IP) and tungsten masks in each IR (to protect magnets) help reducing background particle fluxes in the detector by a substantial factor. The tungsten nozzles in the 6 to 600 cm region from the IP, assisted by the detector solenoid field, trap most of the decay electrons created close to the IP as well as most of the incoherent electron-positron pairs generated in the IP. With sophisticated tungsten, iron, concrete and borated polyethylene shielding in the MDI region, the total reduction of background loads by more than three orders of magnitude can be achieved.