On super polyharmonic property of high-order fractional Laplacian

TL;DR

This paper investigates super polyharmonic properties of solutions to high-order fractional Laplacian equations, establishing new positivity results and equivalences with integral equations under specific conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a new super polyharmonic property for solutions of high-order fractional Laplacian PDEs, expanding understanding of their positivity and integral equation equivalence.

Findings

Established $(- riangle)^k u > 0$ for $k=1,...,m$ under new conditions.

Proved equivalence between PDE and integral equation for solutions.

Extended super polyharmonic properties to broader solution classes.

Abstract

Let $0<\alpha<2$, $p\geq 1$, $m\in\mathbb{N}_+$. Consider $u$ to be the positive solution of the PDE \begin{equation}\label{abstract PDE} (-\Delta)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}+m} u(x)=u^p(x) \quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^n. \end{equation} Cao, Dai and Qin( Transactions of the American mathematical society, 2021) showed that, under the condition $u\in\mathcal{L}_\alpha$, the PDE possesses super polyharmonic property $(-\Delta)^{k+\frac{\alpha}{2}}u\geq 0$ for $k=0,1,...,m-1$. In this paper, we show another kind of super polyharmonic property $(-\Delta)^k u> 0$ for $k=1,...m$ under different conditions $(-\Delta)^mu\in\mathcal{L}_\alpha$ and $(-\Delta)^m u\geq 0$. Both kinds of super polyharmonic properties can lead to the equivalence between the PDE and the integral equation $u(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}\frac{u^p(y)}{|x-y|^{n-2m-\alpha}}dy$.