Explaining the hints for lepton flavour universality violation with three $S_2$ leptoquark generations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a three-generation scalar leptoquark model to simultaneously explain multiple lepton flavour universality violation hints, addressing previous limitations of single-generation models and fitting diverse experimental anomalies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel three-generation $S_2$ leptoquark model with flavor-specific couplings, enabling a comprehensive explanation of lepton flavour universality violations.

Findings

The model fits anomalies in $(g-2)_$, $b o s\u03bcl^+^-$, and $b o c u$ processes.

The tauquark generates a dimension-six operator improving the $b o s \u03bcl^+^-$ fit.

The model remains consistent with electroweak and flavor constraints.

Abstract

Leptoquarks are prime candidates for explaining the intriguing hints for lepton flavour universality violation. In particular, the $SU(2)_L$ doublet of scalar leptoquarks $S_2$ is capable of providing an explanation for the tensions between the measurements and the Standard Model predictions in $(g-2)_\mu$, $b\to s\ell^+ \ell^-$ and $b\to c\tau\nu$ processes, as well as in non-resonant di-electron production. However, in the minimal setup with a single leptoquark generation, a common explanation for all these issues is not possible as this would lead to unacceptably large charged lepton flavour violation. We therefore propose a model with three generations of $S_2$, each coupling exclusively to a single lepton flavour, \textit{i.e.}~a model extending the Standard Model particle content by an electroquark, a muoquark and a tauquark. We show that after taking into account other constraints, such as those originating from electroweak precision observables and $\Delta F=2$ processes, it is possible to provide a combined explanation for all these hints of lepton flavour universality violation. Moreover, we find that the presence of the tauquark can generate a dimension-six ${\cal O}_9^U$ operator via off-shell photon penguin diagrams, which, together with the muoquark contribution, further improves the global fit to $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ data.