A Flat Space Analogue for the Quantum Origin of Structure

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that flat-space in-in correlators share key features with cosmological correlators, providing insights into the quantum origin of structure and the role of entanglement and scattering in quantum field theory.

Contribution

It establishes a flat-space analogue for cosmological correlators, linking in-in correlator features to the S-matrix and detector entanglement, enhancing understanding of quantum structure formation.

Findings

In-in correlators have a unique energy pole identifying the quantum vacuum.

Physical momentum poles originate from particle scattering in the initial state.

Detector entanglement probes the underlying quantum state and correlator properties.

Abstract

The analytic structure of non-Gaussian correlators in inflationary cosmologies has recently been proposed as a test of the quantum origin of structure in the universe. To further understand this proposal, we explore the analogous equal-time in-in correlators in flat space and show they exhibit the same features as their cosmological counterparts. The quantum vacuum is uniquely identified by in-in correlators with a total energy pole and no additional poles at physical momenta. We tie this behavior directly to the S-matrix and show that poles at physical momenta always arise from scattering of particles present in the initial state. We relate these flat-space in-in correlators to the probability amplitude for exciting multiple Unruh-de Witt detectors. Localizing the detectors in spacetime, through the uncertainty principle, provides the energy and momentum needed to excite the vacuum and explains the connection to cosmological particle production. In addition, the entanglement of these detectors provides a probe of the entangled state of the underlying field and connects the properties of the correlators to the range of entanglement of the detectors.