Experimental observation of a dissipative phase transition in a multi-mode many-body quantum system

TL;DR

This paper experimentally investigates a dissipative phase transition in a multi-mode, strongly interacting quantum system, revealing non-equilibrium condensation and analyzing system dynamics through Liouvillian gap measurements.

Contribution

It extends the understanding of dissipative phase transitions from single-mode Kerr resonators to multi-mode, strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates.

Findings

Identification of a non-equilibrium condensation process

Measurement of the effective Liouvillian gap

Analysis of microscopic system dynamics

Abstract

We characterize the dissipative phase transition in a driven dissipative Bose-Einstein condensate of neutral atoms. Our results generalize the work on dissipative nonlinear Kerr resonators towards many modes and stronger interactions. We measure the effective Liouvillian gap and analyze the microscopic system dynamics, where we identify a non-equilibrium condensation process.