The Pierre Auger Exotic Events and Axion Quark Nuggets

TL;DR

This paper proposes that rare exotic cosmic ray-like events observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory, potentially linked to thunderstorms, can be explained by axion quark nugget dark matter triggering unique lightning strikes, supported by observational consistency.

Contribution

It introduces a novel explanation for exotic cosmic ray events using the axion quark nugget dark matter model, linking dark matter to atmospheric phenomena.

Findings

Observed event frequency matches AQN predictions

Event timing and features are consistent with AQN-induced lightning

Proposes new experimental tests for AQN-related atmospheric events

Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory have reported [1-3] observation of several exotic cosmic ray -like events which apparently related to thunderstorms. These events are much larger in size than conventional cosmic ray events, and they have very distinct timing features. A possible nature of the observed phenomenon is still a matter of active research and debates as many unusual features of these exotic events are hard to explain. In particular, the frequency of appearance of these exotic events is very low (less than 2 events/year), in huge contrast with a typical rate of a conventional lightning strikes in the area. We propose that the observed exotic events can be explained within the so-called axion quark nugget (AQN) dark matter model. The idea is that the AQNs may trigger and initiate a special and unique class of lightning strikes during a thunderstorm as a result of ionization of the atmospheric molecules along its path. The corresponding AQN-induced lighting flashes may show some specific features not shared by typical and much more frequent conventional flashes. We support this proposal by demonstrating that the observations[1-3], including the frequency of appearance and time duration are consistent with observations. We also comment on possible relation of AUGER exotic events with the Telescope Array bursts and the terrestrial gamma ray flashes. We list a number of features of the AQN-induced exotic events (such as specific radio pulses synchronized with these events) which can be directly tested by future experiments. We also suggest to use distributed acoustic sensing instruments to detect the acoustic pulses which must be synchronized with AUGER exotic events.