Locality optimization for parent Hamiltonians of Tensor Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces an efficient semidefinite programming algorithm to simplify parent Hamiltonians of tensor network states, reducing complex multi-spin interactions to simpler, more local terms while preserving the ground state.

Contribution

It develops a systematic method to optimize and simplify parent Hamiltonians, making them more local and easier to analyze or implement.

Findings

Successfully reduces AKLT and Toric Code Hamiltonians to 2- and 4-body interactions.

Produces a simplified 4-body Hamiltonian for the RVB state on the kagome lattice.

Demonstrates significant reduction in interaction complexity while maintaining ground state fidelity.

Abstract

Tensor Network states form a powerful framework for both the analytical and numerical study of strongly correlated phases. Vital to their analytical utility is that they appear as the exact ground states of associated parent Hamiltonians, where canonical proof techniques guarantee a controlled ground space structure. Yet, while those Hamiltonians are local by construction, the known techniques often yield complex Hamiltonians which act on a rather large number of spins. In this paper, we present an algorithm to systematically simplify parent Hamiltonians, breaking them down into any given basis of elementary interaction terms. The underlying optimization problem is a semidefinite program, and thus the optimal solution can be found efficiently. Our method exploits a degree of freedom in the construction of parent Hamiltonians -- the excitation spectrum of the local terms -- over which it optimizes such as to obtain the best possible approximation. We benchmark our method on the AKLT model and the Toric Code model, where we show that the canonical parent Hamiltonians (acting on 3 or 4 and 12 sites, respectively) can be broken down to the known optimal 2-body and 4-body terms. We then apply our method to the paradigmatic Resonating Valence Bond (RVB) model on the kagome lattice. Here, the simplest previously known parent Hamiltonian acts on all the 12 spins on one kagome star. With our optimization algorithm, we obtain a vastly simpler Hamiltonian: We find that the RVB model is the exact ground state of a parent Hamiltonian whose terms are all products of at most four Heisenberg interactions, and whose range can be further constrained, providing a major improvement over the previously known 12-body Hamiltonian.