Electron Scattering and Neutrino Physics

TL;DR

Understanding neutrino-nucleus interactions is vital for neutrino physics, and electron scattering experiments are key to improving models, but challenges remain in community coordination and funding.

Contribution

This paper reviews the connection between electron- and neutrino-nucleus scattering, identifies gaps, and proposes a collaborative path forward for the neutrino physics community.

Findings

Electron scattering experiments test nuclear models used in neutrino physics.

Current experimental gaps hinder precise neutrino interaction modeling.

Community and funding challenges limit progress in this area.

Abstract

A thorough understanding of neutrino-nucleus scattering physics is crucial for the successful execution of the entire US neutrino physics program. Neutrino-nucleus interaction constitutes one of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments - both at intermediate energies affecting long-baseline Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), as well as at low energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino program - and could well be the difference between achieving or missing discovery level precision. To this end, electron-nucleus scattering experiments provide vital information to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. In this white paper, we highlight connections between electron- and neutrino-nucleus scattering physics at energies ranging from 10s of MeV to a few GeV, review the status of ongoing and planned electron scattering experiments, identify gaps, and layout a path forward that benefits the neutrino community. We also highlight the systemic challenges with respect to the divide between the nuclear and high-energy physics communities and funding that presents additional hurdle in mobilizing these connections to the benefit of neutrino programs.