The mechanism that drives electrostatic solitary waves to propagate in the Earth's magnetosphere and solar wind

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation and propagation mechanisms of electrostatic solitary waves in Earth's magnetosphere and solar wind, emphasizing the role of electron beams and plasma parameters using a fluid model.

Contribution

It introduces a fluid model analysis revealing how electron beams and plasma conditions influence solitary wave formation near magnetic reconnection regions.

Findings

Electron beams cause pulse broadening at the magnetotail reconnection separatrix.

Increasing electron beam velocity slightly increases soliton amplitude.

Soliton profiles are highly sensitive to plasma density and temperature.

Abstract

The origin of the solitary waves in the Earth's magnetosphere and the solar wind, particularly close to the magnetic reconnection regions, is still an open question. For that purpose, we used the fluid model to obtain the mechanism behind the formation of solitary waves in space plasmas with a variety of components. Our findings reveal that at the separatrix of the magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail, the counter-ejected electron beam leads to a broadening of the pulse amplitude. While increasing the electron beam positive velocity causes a bit increase in the soliton amplitude. Moreover, we observed that the soliton profile is very sensitive to the plasma parameters like density and temperature. The calculated electric field using the current model and the measured electric field in the Earth's magnetosphere and solar wind is highlighted.