On the $\sigma$-Pair Correlation Density of Quadratic Sequences Modulo One

TL;DR

This paper investigates the $\sigma$-pair correlation density of quadratic sequences modulo one, establishing conditions under which these sequences exhibit $\sigma$-pair correlation behavior, especially for Diophantine $\alpha$ and for a broad measure of $\alpha$.

Contribution

It proves that quadratic sequences with Diophantine $\alpha$ of certain types show $\sigma$-pair correlation for $\sigma<1$, and identifies a full measure set where this holds for $\sigma<1.21922$.

Findings

Sequences with Diophantine $\alpha$ of type $3-\epsilon$ exhibit $\sigma$-pair correlation for $\sigma<1$.

A full measure set of $\alpha$ shows $\sigma$-pair correlation for $\sigma<1.21922$.

The results connect quadratic sequences to conjectures on energy levels in integrable systems.

Abstract

In this note we study the $\sigma$-pair correlation density \begin{equation*}R_2^\sigma([a,b], \{ \theta_n \}_n, N)= \frac{1}{N^{2-\sigma}} \# \big \{ 1 \leq j \neq k \leq N \, \big| \, \theta_{j} - \theta_{k} \in \big [ \frac{a}{N^\sigma},\frac{b}{N^\sigma} \big ]+ \mathbb Z \big \} \end{equation*} of a sequence $\{ \theta_n\}_n$ that is equidistributed modulo one for $0 \leq \sigma <2$. The case $\sigma=1$ is commonly referred to as the pair correlation density and the sequence $\{ n^2 \alpha \}_n$ has been of special interest due to its connection to a conjecture of Berry and Tabor on the energy levels of generic completely integrable systems. We prove that if $\alpha$ is Diophantine of type $3-\epsilon$ for every $\epsilon>0$, then for any $0 \leq \sigma <1$ \begin{align*} \mathrm R_2^\sigma([a,b], \{ \alpha n^2 \}_n, N) \to b-a, \text{ as } N \to \infty. \end{align*} In this case, we say that the sequence exhibits $\sigma$-pair correlation. In addition to this, we show that for any $0 \leq \sigma < \frac{1}{4}(9 -\sqrt{17})=1.21922...$ there is a set of full Lebesgue measure such that the sequence $\{ \alpha n^2 \}_n$ exhibits $\sigma$-pair correlation.