An active transverse energy filter to differentiate low energy particles with large pitch angles in a strong magnetic field

TL;DR

This paper introduces an active energy filter that uses angular selectivity to distinguish low transverse energy particles from high transverse energy background electrons in a magnetic field, demonstrated with MCPs and proposed with Si-PIN diodes.

Contribution

It presents a novel active filter concept for differentiating particles based on transverse energy, with proof-of-principle experiments and a proposed alternative detection method.

Findings

Proof-of-principle measurements with MCPs validate the concept.

The filter effectively distinguishes particles with different transverse energies.

An alternative detection technique using Si-PIN diodes is proposed.

Abstract

We present the idea and proof of principle measurements for an angular-selective active filter for charged particles. The motivation for the setup arises from the need to distinguish background electrons from signal electrons in a spectrometer of MAC-E filter type. While a large fraction of the background electrons exhibit predominantly small angles relative to the magnetic guiding field (corresponding to a low amount of kinetic energy in the motion component transverse to the field lines, in the following referred to as transverse energy) and pass the filter mostly unhindered, signal electrons from an isotropically emitting source interact with the active filter and are detected. The concept is demonstrated using a microchannel plate (MCP) as an active filter element. When correctly aligned with the magnetic field, electrons with a small transverse energy pass the channels of the MCP without interaction while electrons with large transverse energies hit the channel walls and trigger an avalanche of secondary electrons that is subsequently detected. Due to several drawbacks of MCPs for an actual transverse energy filter, an alternative detection technique using microstructured Si-PIN diodes is proposed.