Hippocampal and auditory contributions to speech segmentation

TL;DR

This study demonstrates the hippocampus's role in speech segmentation through statistical learning, showing its response to word frequency in a continuous speech stream, indicating hierarchical auditory processing.

Contribution

It provides direct intracranial evidence of hippocampal involvement in speech segmentation, expanding understanding of auditory statistical learning mechanisms.

Findings

Hippocampus responds primarily to word frequency.

Auditory regions respond mainly to syllable frequency.

Supports hierarchical organization of speech processing.

Abstract

Statistical learning has been proposed as a mechanism to structure and segment the continuous flow of information in several sensory modalities. Previous studies proposed that the medial temporal lobe, and in particular the hippocampus, may be crucial to parse the stream in the visual modality. However, the involvement of the hippocampus in auditory statistical learning, and specifically in speech segmentation is less clear. To explore the role of the hippocampus in speech segmentation based on statistical learning, we exposed seven pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients to a continuous stream of trisyllabic pseudowords and recorded intracranial stereotaxic electro-encephalography (sEEG). We used frequency-tagging analysis to quantify neuronal synchronization of the hippocampus and auditory regions to the temporal structure of words and syllables of the stream. Results show that while auditory regions highly respond to syllable frequency, the hippocampus responds mostly to word frequency. These findings provide direct evidence of the involvement of the hippocampus in speech segmentation process and suggest a hierarchical organization of auditory information during speech processing.