Convex geometries over induced paths with bounded length

TL;DR

This paper introduces and characterizes $l^k$-convex geometries in graphs, focusing on cases where $k=2$ and $k=3$, revealing new classes of convex geometries with specific structural properties.

Contribution

The paper defines $l^k$-convexity as a restriction of monophonic convexity and characterizes $l^k$-convex geometries for $k=2,3$, including the first non-hereditary convex geometry class.

Findings

Characterization of $l^2$-convex geometries as chordal $P_4$-free graphs.

Characterization of $l^3$-convex geometries as chordal graphs with diameter at most three and a special gem property.

Introduction of a new non-hereditary class of convex geometries.

Abstract

Graph convexity spaces have been studied in many contexts. In particular, some studies are devoted to determine if a graph equipped with a convexity space is a {\em convex geometry}. It is well known that chordal and Ptolemaic graphs can be characterized as convex geometries with respect to the geodesic and monophonic convexities, respectively. Weak polarizable graphs, interval graphs, and proper interval graphs can also be characterized in this way. In this paper we introduce the notion of {\em $l^k$-convexity}, a natural restriction of the monophonic convexity. Let $G$ be a graph and $k\geq 2$ an integer. A subset $S\subseteq V(G)$ is \textit{$l^k$-convex} if and only if for any pair of vertices $x,y$ of $S$, each induced path of length {\em at most} $k$ connecting $x$ and $y$ is completely contained in the subgraph induced by $S$. The {\em $l^k$-convexity} consists of all $l^k$-convex subsets of $G$. In this work, we characterize {\em $l^k$-convex geometries} (graphs that are convex geometries with respect to the $l^k$-convexity) for $k\in\{2,3\}$. We show that a graph $G$ is an $l^2$-convex geometry if and only if $G$ is a chordal $P_4$-free graph, and an $l^3$-convex geometry if and only if $G$ is a chordal graph with diameter at most three such that its induced gems satisfy a special "solving" property. As far as the authors know, the class of $l^3$-convex geometries is the first example of a non-hereditary class of convex geometries.