On the radio spectra of Galactic millisecond pulsars

TL;DR

This study models the radio spectra of Galactic millisecond pulsars using a large sample, revealing a two-component power-law behavior that improves predictions for future survey yields.

Contribution

It introduces a two-component power-law spectral model for MSPs, accounting for observational biases, and enhances understanding of their spectral properties compared to previous models.

Findings

MSP spectra are flat below 320 MHz and follow a -1.5 power-law at higher frequencies.

The two-component model outperforms single power-law models in survey predictions.

MSP detections could triple in the next decade with upcoming surveys.

Abstract

With recent advances in the sensitivity of radio surveys of the Galactic disk, the number of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) has increased substantially in recent years such that it is now possible to study their demographic properties in more detail than in the past. We investigate what can be learned about the radio spectra of the MSP population. Using a sample of 179 MSPs detected in eleven surveys carried out at radio frequencies in the range 0.135-6.6 GHz, we carry out detailed modeling of MSP radio spectral behaviour in this range. Employing Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations to explore a multi-dimensional parameter space, and accurately accounting for observational selection effects, we find strong evidence in favour of the MSP population having a two-component power-law spectral model scaling with frequency, $\nu$. Specifically, we find that MSP flux density spectra are approximately independent of frequency below 320 MHz, and proportional to $\nu^{-1.5}$ at higher frequencies. This parameterization performs significantly better than single power-law models which over predict the number of MSPs seen in low-frequency (100-200 MHz) surveys. We compared our results with earlier work, and current understanding of the normal pulsar population, and use our model to make predictions for MSP yields in upcoming surveys. We demonstrate that the observed sample of MSPs could triple in the coming decade.