Combining thermal resummation and gauge invariance for electroweak phase transition

TL;DR

This paper proposes a minimal, gauge-invariant method combining thermal resummation and dimensional reduction to accurately compute the thermodynamics of the electroweak phase transition, applicable to models like the complex singlet extension of the Standard Model.

Contribution

It introduces a simplified, gauge-invariant framework for thermal resummation and dimensional reduction, facilitating more precise calculations of phase transition properties.

Findings

Provides tractable formulae for resummation in electroweak phase transition

Implements renormalisation group improvement for thermal scales

Applicable to complex singlet extension with implications for collider and dark matter studies

Abstract

For computing thermodynamics of the electroweak phase transition, we discuss a minimal approach that reconciles both gauge invariance and thermal resummation. Such a minimal setup consists of a two-loop dimensional reduction to three-dimensional effective theory, a one-loop computation of the effective potential and its expansion around the leading-order minima within the effective theory. This approach is tractable and provides formulae for resummation that are arguably no more complicated than those that appear in standard techniques ubiquitous in the literature. In particular, we implement renormalisation group improvement related to the hard thermal scale. Despite its generic nature, we present this approach for the complex singlet extension of the Standard Model which has interesting prospects for high energy collider phenomenology and dark matter predictions. The presented expressions can be used in future studies of phase transition thermodynamics and gravitational wave production.