Holographic representation of the unified early and late universe via a viscous dark fluid

TL;DR

This paper presents a holographic model that unifies the description of the early and late universe using a viscous dark fluid with a generalized cut-off, providing analytical insights into cosmic evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a novel holographic framework incorporating bulk viscosity and power-law asymptotes to unify early and late universe dynamics.

Findings

Derived analytical expressions for infrared cut-offs.

Provided energy conservation laws for various thermodynamic parameters.

Achieved a unified holographic description of the universe's evolution.

Abstract

In this article we apply the holographic principle for describing in a unifying way the early and the late-time universe, when the general equation of state contains a bulk viscosity. We use the idea of a generalized cut-off holographic dark energy introduced by Nojiri and Odintsov (2006,2017), and study the evolution of the universe when the equation of state has two power-law asymptotes. Analytical expressions for the infrared cut-offs in terms of the particle horizon are obtained. The energy conservation laws as derived from the holographic point of view, are given for various forms of the thermodynamic parameters and for various forms of the bulk viscosity. As a result, we obtain a unifying description of the early and the late-time universe in the presence of a viscous holographic fluid.