Inaccessibility of traversable wormholes

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that spherically symmetric traversable wormholes cannot exist within the framework of semiclassical gravity due to fundamental physical constraints, including quantum energy inequalities.

Contribution

It proves that no dynamical solutions can have traversable wormhole metrics as static limits, establishing a fundamental inaccessibility of such wormholes in semiclassical gravity.

Findings

Dynamical solutions cannot have traversable wormhole metrics as static limits.

Static limits of dynamical solutions are non-traversable.

Quantum energy inequalities prohibit the existence of spherically symmetric wormholes in semiclassical gravity.

Abstract

Wormhole solutions to the equations of general relativity have some spectacular local and global properties. As these unusual features are not explicitly forbidden by known physics, wormholes are considered in various astrophysical and cosmological scenarios. The paradigmatic traversable wormhole models are described by static spherically-symmetric Ellis--Morris--Thorne and Simpson--Visser metrics. We show that no dynamical solution of the semiclassical Einstein equations can have these metrics as their static limit. On the other hand, possible static limits of the dynamical solutions are not traversable. Moreover, they lead to violation of a quantum energy inequality that bounds violations of the null energy condition by quantum fields. This conclusion does not depend on specific properties of fields that may be proposed for wormhole construction. As a result, spherically-symmetric wormholes cannot exist in semiclassical gravity.