Counter Hate Speech in Social Media: A Survey

TL;DR

This survey reviews research on counter-hate speech generation in social media, focusing on methodologies, datasets, and the impact of counter-speech, highlighting gaps and proposing a comprehensive comparison of past studies.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive survey comparing past research on counter-hate speech, analyzing methodologies, datasets, and impact on social media environments.

Findings

Counter-hate speech can positively influence social media discourse.

Previous studies lack analysis of comment sequences before and after CHS.

Impact of CHS varies depending on methodology and context.

Abstract

With the high prevalence of offensive language against minorities in social media, counter-hate speeches (CHS) generation is considered an automatic way of tackling this challenge. The CHS is supposed to appear as a third voice to educate people and keep the social [red lines bold] without limiting the principles of freedom of speech. In this paper, we review the most important research in the past and present with a main focus on methodologies, collected datasets and statistical analysis CHS's impact on social media. The CHS generation is based on the optimistic assumption that any attempt to intervene the hate speech in social media can play a positive role in this context. Beyond that, previous works ignored the investigation of the sequence of comments before and after the CHS. However, the positive impact is not guaranteed, as shown in some previous works. To the best of our knowledge, no attempt has been made to survey the related work to compare the past research in terms of CHS's impact on social media. We take the first step in this direction by providing a comprehensive review on related works and categorizing them based on different factors including impact, methodology, data source, etc.