Electromagnetic Energy Density in Hyperbolic Metamaterials

TL;DR

This paper derives the electromagnetic energy density in hyperbolic metamaterials, revealing how their anisotropic properties influence energy storage and response similar to Lorentz and Drude media.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical derivation of energy density in dispersive, absorbing hyperbolic metamaterials considering their uniaxial crystal nature.

Findings

Type I and II HMMs exhibit direction-dependent energy storage.

Responses of HMMs are analogous to Lorentz and Drude media.

Numerical examples illustrate energy capacity characteristics.

Abstract

We derive the energy density associated with an electromagnetic wave passing through a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM). Both types of HMMs are studied. By considering a dispersive and absorbing HMM as an effective uniaxial crystal, we find that under the influence of an electromagnetic wave, the response of type I (type II) HMM in the directions perpendicular to and parallel to the optical axis are similar to those of Lorentz (Drude) and Drude (Lorentz) media, respectively. Numerical examples are presented to reveal the general characteristics of the direction-dependent energy storage capacity of both types of HMMs.