Atomic Size Pearls being Dark Matter giving Electron Signal

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel dark matter model involving atomic-sized vacuum bubbles containing ordinary matter, explaining seasonal detection signals, electron recoil events, self-interactions, and the 3.5 keV X-ray line observed in astrophysics and underground experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a new dark matter candidate as vacuum bubbles with atomic matter, unifying explanations for multiple astrophysical and experimental observations within the Standard Model framework.

Findings

The model fits the cross section over mass ratio for dwarf galaxy observations.

Dark matter pearls' size is close to the minimal in the proposed model.

The total energy of stopped pearls matches experimental data.

Abstract

We seek to explain both the seeming observation of dark matter by the seasonal variation of the DAMA-LIBRA data and the observation of "electron recoil" events at Xenon1T in which the liquid Xe scintillator was excited by electrons - in excess to the expected background - by the same dark matter model. In our model the dark matter consists of bubbles of a new type of vacuum containing ordinary atomic matter, say diamond, under high pressure ensured by the surface tension of the separation domain wall. We also seek to explain the self interactions of dark matter suggested by astronomical studies of dwarf galaxies and the central structure of galaxy clusters. The interaction with matter in the shielding is responsible for slowing the dark matter down to a low terminal velocity, so underground detectors have insufficient energy for detection. Further we explain the "mysterious" X-ray line of 3.5 keV, even the 3.5 keV X-ray radiation from the Tycho supernova remnant. The DAMA-LIBRA and Xenon1T experiments see decaying dark matter pearls. Both these underground experiments see events with about 3.5 keV energy, just the energy of the X-ray line. We fit numerically the cross section over mass ratio for the self interaction of the dark matter as observed in the study of dwarf galaxies and find the size of the pearls to be rather close to the smallest possible in our model. However DAMA cause some problem to get heavier pearls. Also the total energy of the dark matter pearls stopped in the shield is reasonably matching. Accepting the different phases of the vacuum the model could be realized inside the Standard Model, our whole scheme could be realized inside the Standard Model.