Cavitation on single electron bubbles in liquid helium at small negative pressure

TL;DR

This paper investigates quantum cavitation rates of single electron bubbles in liquid helium at low temperatures, highlighting differences between normal and superfluid helium and analyzing the phase diagram for nucleation.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of quantum cavitation in electron bubbles in helium, including dissipation effects and phase diagram insights, at temperatures approaching absolute zero.

Findings

Different temperature behaviors of cavitation rates in $^3$He and $^4$He

Identification of the rapid nucleation line in the phase diagram

Impact of energy dissipation and sound emission on cavitation

Abstract

Liquid helium under negative pressure represents a unique possibility for studying the macroscopic quantum nucleation phenomena in condensed media. We analyze the quantum cavitation rate of single electron bubbles at low temperatures down to absolute zero. The energy dissipation and sound emission processes result in the different temperature behavior of quantum cavitation rate in normal fluid $^3$He and superfluid $^4$He below the thermal-quantum crossover temperature. The position of rapid nucleation line in the temperature-pressure phase diagram is discussed as well.