Assessment of Dark Matter Models Using Dark Matter Correlations across Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies

TL;DR

This paper evaluates dark matter models by analyzing correlations in dark matter densities across dwarf spheroidal galaxies using Gaia data and simulations, constraining theoretical models.

Contribution

It introduces a method to assess dark matter scenarios through correlation analysis of dark matter densities using observational and simulation data.

Findings

No significant correlations observed in Gaia data.

Simulation and Gaia correlations are in agreement.

Gaia data can constrain dark matter model parameters.

Abstract

The predicted size of dark matter substructures in kilo-parsec scales is model-dependent. Therefore, if the correlations between dark matter mass densities as a function of the distances between them are measured via observations, we can scrutinize dark matter scenarios. In this paper, we present an assessment procedure of dark matter scenarios. First, we use Gaia's data to infer the single-body phase-space density of the stars in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The latter, together with the Jeans equation, after eliminating the gravitational potential using the Poisson equation, reveals the mass density of dark matter as a function of its position in the galaxy. We derive the correlations between dark matter mass densities as a function of distances between them. No statistically significant correlation is observed. Second, for the sake of comparison with the standard cold dark matter, we also compute the correlations between dark matter mass densities in a small halo of the Eagle hydrodynamics simulation. We show that the correlations from the simulation and from Gaia are in agreement. Third, we show that Gaia observations can be used to limit the parameter space of the Ginzburg--Landau statistical field theory of dark matter mass densities and subsequently shrink the parameter space of any dark matter model. As two examples, we show how to leave limitations on (i) a classic gas dark matter and (ii) a superfluid dark matter.