Pareto Frontier Approximation Network (PA-Net) to Solve Bi-objective TSP

TL;DR

This paper introduces PA-Net, a reinforcement learning-based neural network that efficiently approximates the Pareto front for the bi-objective TSP, improving solution quality and inference speed, with applications in robotics navigation.

Contribution

The paper proposes PA-Net, a novel neural network architecture trained with Lagrangian relaxation and policy gradient to solve bi-objective TSP, outperforming existing deep RL methods.

Findings

2.3% improvement in Pareto front hypervolume

4.5x faster inference time

Effective application in robotic navigation

Abstract

The travelling salesperson problem (TSP) is a classic resource allocation problem used to find an optimal order of doing a set of tasks while minimizing (or maximizing) an associated objective function. It is widely used in robotics for applications such as planning and scheduling. In this work, we solve TSP for two objectives using reinforcement learning (RL). Often in multi-objective optimization problems, the associated objective functions can be conflicting in nature. In such cases, the optimality is defined in terms of Pareto optimality. A set of these Pareto optimal solutions in the objective space form a Pareto front (or frontier). Each solution has its trade-off. We present the Pareto frontier approximation network (PA-Net), a network that generates good approximations of the Pareto front for the bi-objective travelling salesperson problem (BTSP). Firstly, BTSP is converted into a constrained optimization problem. We then train our network to solve this constrained problem using the Lagrangian relaxation and policy gradient. With PA-Net we improve the performance over an existing deep RL-based method. The average improvement in the hypervolume metric, which is used to measure the optimality of the Pareto front, is 2.3%. At the same time, PA-Net has 4.5x faster inference time. Finally, we present the application of PA-Net to find optimal visiting order in a robotic navigation task/coverage planning. Our code is available on the project website.