Ultrafast Melting of Superconductivity in an Iron-Based Superconductor

TL;DR

This study observes ultrafast melting of superconductivity in an iron-based superconductor, revealing nonequilibrium dynamics and metastable states that compete with superconductivity.

Contribution

It provides direct high-resolution measurements of ultrafast superconductivity melting and proposes mechanisms involving pair decoherence and competing correlations.

Findings

Superconducting gap fills before peak destruction

Metastable state persists after initial melting

Photoinduced state may compete with superconductivity

Abstract

Intense debate has recently arisen regarding the photoinduced changes to the iron-chalcogenide superconductors, including the enhancement of superconductivity and a metastable state. Here, by employing high energy resolution, we directly observe the melting of superconductivity on ultrafast timescales. We demonstrate a distinctly nonequilibrium response on short timescales, where the gap fills in prior to the destruction of the superconducting peak, followed by a metastable response. We propose that the former is due to pair phase decoherence and speculate that the latter is due to the increase in double stripe correlations that are known to compete with superconductivity. Our results add to exciting new developments on the iron-based superconductors, indicating that the photoinduced metastable state possibly competes with superconductivity.