A simple model for an internal wave spectrum dominated by non-linear interactions

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simple nonlinear model explaining the internal wave spectrum dominated by interactions, fitting observed spectral data and revealing a balance between forcing and turbulence.

Contribution

It presents a new minimal model for internal wave spectra driven by nonlinear interactions, linking wave steepness to tidal forcing and turbulent mixing.

Findings

Model accurately fits observed spectral shape of higher harmonics

Maximum wave steepness results from a balance between forcing and turbulence

Tidal flow speed sets a nonlinear limit to current scales

Abstract

Ocean motions at frequencies of the internal wave band are generally associated with freely propagating waves that are supported by stable vertical stratification in density. Previous analyses of yearlong current observations from the Bay of Biscay showed that a finestructure of semidiurnal tidal and near-inertial higher harmonics fills the spectrum. Here, a simple model is presented of forced nondispersive motions with forward energy cascade. The model fits the spectral shape of higher harmonics well within statistical significance and shows that such interactions imply maximum wave steepness in a balance between forcing and turbulent mixing. The single fitting parameter is related to the barotropic tidal flow speed, which thereby sets a nonlinear limit to baroclinic current scales without generating non-linear higher harmonics directly.