Comprehensive Analysis of the Object Detection Pipeline on UAVs

TL;DR

This paper investigates how optimizing camera and image parameters jointly can improve object detection accuracy and throughput on UAVs, providing practical guidelines for pipeline configuration.

Contribution

It offers an empirical analysis of camera and image parameter effects on UAV object detection, highlighting the importance of joint optimization for better performance.

Findings

Not all image parameters equally affect detection accuracy.

Proper parameter compromise enhances lightweight detector performance.

Joint optimization improves detection accuracy without reducing throughput.

Abstract

An object detection pipeline comprises a camera that captures the scene and an object detector that processes these images. The quality of the images directly affects the performance of the object detector. Many works nowadays focus either on improving the image quality or improving the object detection models independently, but neglect the importance of joint optimization of the two subsystems. The goal of this paper is to tune the detection throughput and accuracy of existing object detectors in the remote sensing scenario by focusing on optimizing the input images tailored to the object detector. To achieve this, we empirically analyze the influence of two selected camera calibration parameters (camera distortion correction and gamma correction) and five image parameters (quantization, compression, resolution, color model, additional channels) for these applications. For our experiments, we utilize three UAV data sets from different domains and a mixture of large and small state-of-the-art object detector models to provide an extensive evaluation of the influence of the pipeline parameters. Finally, we realize an object detection pipeline prototype on an embedded platform for an UAV and give a best practice recommendation for building object detection pipelines based on our findings. We show that not all parameters have an equal impact on detection accuracy and data throughput, and that by using a suitable compromise between parameters we are able to achieve higher detection accuracy for lightweight object detection models, while keeping the same data throughput.