Experimental study of the $^{40,48}$Ca+ $^{40,48}$Ca reactions at 35 MeV/nucleon

TL;DR

This study uses advanced detection techniques to analyze calcium isotope reactions at 35 MeV/nucleon, focusing on isospin diffusion and symmetry energy, highlighting the importance of reconstructing the primary source for accurate analysis.

Contribution

It demonstrates the effectiveness of combined spectrometer and detector data in reconstructing quasi-projectile properties and analyzing isospin transport in calcium reactions.

Findings

Isotopic composition of PLF is useful for studying isospin diffusion.

Reconstructed QP properties reveal evolution of isoscaling parameters.

Surface effects significantly influence symmetry energy in finite nuclei.

Abstract

In this article we investigate $^{40,48}$Ca+$^{40,48}$Ca peripheral and semi-peripheral reactions at 35 MeV/nucleon. Data were obtained using the unique coupling of the VAMOS high acceptance spectrometer and the INDRA charged particle multidetector.The spectrometer allowed high resolution measurement of charge, mass and velocity of the cold projectile-like fragment (PLF), while the INDRA detector recorded coincident charged particles with nearly $4\pi$ acceptance.The measured isotopic composition of the PLF identified in VAMOS and the average light charged particle (LCP) multiplicities are promising observables to study the isospin diffusion.The detection of the PLF in coincidence with LCP allows the reconstruction of the mass, charge and excitation energy of the associated initial quasi-projectile nuclei (QP), as well as the extraction of apparent temperatures.We investigate the suitability of the isoscaling method with the PLF and the experimental reconstructed QP.The extracted $\alpha$ and $\Delta$ isoscaling parameters present a dependence on the considered system combination that could justify their use as a surrogate for isospin asymmetry in isospin transport studies.The reconstruction of the QP allows to observe an evolution of the $\alpha/\Delta$ with the size of the QP, the latter being consistent with a strong surface contribution to the symmetry energy term in finite nuclei. This leads to the conclusion that the reconstruction of the primary source is mandatory for the study of the symmetry energy term based on the isoscaling method for such reactions.