Influence of hydrogen vacancy interactions on natural and artificial ageing of an AlMgSi alloy

TL;DR

This study investigates how hydrogen-vacancy interactions influence the ageing process of AlMgSi alloys, revealing that hydrogen delays hardening and softening by affecting vacancy mobility and precipitate coarsening.

Contribution

It provides experimental and theoretical evidence that hydrogen increases vacancy migration energy, significantly impacting alloy ageing and precipitate coarsening kinetics.

Findings

Hydrogen delays natural ageing hardening response.

Hydrogen reduces precipitate coarsening rate.

Hydrogen increases vacancy migration energy by about 5%.

Abstract

The influence of hydrogen on the structural evolutions of an Al-Mg-Si alloy during natural and artificial ageing was investigated experimentally. The aim of the study was a better understanding of interactions between hydrogen and crystalline defects and especially vacancies. Experimental data demonstrate that during natural ageing in hydrogen environment, the hardening response is delayed. This is attributed to a slower recovery of excess vacancies linked to a lower mobility. To confirm and quantify the influence of hydrogen on the vacancy migration energy, artificial ageing was carried out in conditions where the vacancy concentration is constant. Hence, long-time annealing treatments were carried out to investigate the influence of hydrogen on the coarsening of rod-shaped precipitates. Using transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography, it was demonstrated that the precipitate volume fraction and composition are unchanged under H2 atmosphere but the coarsening kinetic is significantly reduced. This leads to a delayed softening, in good agreement with theoretical estimates. Thus, even a low concentration of hydrogen in solid solution significantly affects the mobility of alloying elements in the aluminium matrix. This is the result of hydrogen-vacancy interactions that lead to an increase of the vacancy migration energy. Based on classical coarsening theories, it was possible to demonstrate that this increase is of about 5% for a concentration of hydrogen close to the vacancy concentration.