Positive solutions for a critical elliptic equation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the existence, multiplicity, and uniqueness of positive solutions for a critical elliptic equation, especially focusing on the cases where the parameter s equals 1 and multiple peak solutions.

Contribution

It provides new results confirming the existence of single-peak solutions for s=1 and multi-peak solutions, addressing open questions from prior research.

Findings

Existence of single-peak solutions for small b5 when s=1.

Existence of multi-peak solutions and their local uniqueness.

The concentration behavior of solutions varies delicately between s=1 and s>1.

Abstract

In this paper, we are concerned with the following elliptic equation \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -\Delta u= Q(x)u^{2^*-1 }+\varepsilon u^{s},~ &{\text{in}~\Omega},\\[1mm] u>0,~ &{\text{in}~\Omega},\\[1mm] u=0, &{\text{on}~\partial \Omega}, \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $N\geq 3$, $s\in [1,2^*-1)$ with $2^*=\frac{2N}{N-2}$, $\varepsilon>0$, $\Omega$ is a smooth bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^N$. Under some conditions on $Q(x)$, Cao and Zhong in Nonlin. Anal. TMA (Vol 29, 1997, 461--483) proved that there exists a single-peak solution for small $\varepsilon$ if $N\geq 4$ and $s\in (1,2^*-1)$. And they proposed in Remark 1.7 of their paper that \vskip 0.1cm\begin{center} \emph{``it is interesting to know the existence of single-peak solutions for small $\varepsilon$ and $s=1$''.} \end{center}\vskip 0.1cm \noindent Also it was addressed in Remark 1.8 of their paper that \vskip 0.1cm \begin{center} \emph{``the question of solutions concentrated at several points at the same time is still open''.} \end{center}\vskip 0.1cm \noindent Here we give some confirmative answers to the above two questions. Furthermore, we prove the local uniqueness of the multi-peak solutions. And our results show that the concentration of the solutions to above problem is delicate whether $s=1$ or $s>1$.