Nonreciprocal conversion between radio-frequency and optical photons with an optoelectromechanical system

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method for achieving nonreciprocal conversion between optical and radio-frequency photons using optomechanical interactions, enabling noise suppression and improved quantum signal transduction.

Contribution

It introduces a scheme utilizing interference of dissipative pathways with phase control for perfect nonreciprocal transduction in optoelectromechanical systems.

Findings

Perfect nonreciprocal transduction at high cooperativity

Mechanical thermal noise reflected back to the isolated port

Vacuum noise in the output rf port during optical-to-rf conversion

Abstract

Nonreciprocal systems breaking time-reversal symmetry are essential tools in modern quantum technologies enabling the suppression of unwanted reflected signals or extraneous noise entering through detection ports. Here we propose a scheme enabling nonreciprocal conversion between optical and radio-frequency (rf) photons using exclusively optomechanical and electromechanical interactions. The nonreciprocal transmission is obtained by interference of two dissipative pathways of transmission between the two electromagnetic modes established through two distinct intermediate mechanical modes. In our protocol, we apply a bichromatic drive to the cavity mode and a single-tone drive to the rf resonator, and use the relative phase between the drive tones to obtain nonreciprocity. We show that perfect nonreciprocal transduction can be obtained in the limit of large cooperativity in both directions, from optical to rf and vice versa. We also study the transducer noise and show that mechanical thermal noise is always reflected back onto the isolated port. In the limit of large cooperativity, the input noise is instead transmitted in an unaltered way in the allowed direction; in particular one has only vacuum noise in the output rf port in the case of optical-to-rf conversion.