Lattice dynamics in an emergent Zeeman lattice

TL;DR

This paper explores the creation and control of emergent lattice structures in a Bose-Einstein condensate through combined Raman and radio frequency couplings, revealing tunable band structures and dynamic phenomena.

Contribution

It demonstrates how combined couplings can generate and manipulate emergent lattice structures with high tunability in ultracold atomic systems.

Findings

Observation of Kapitza-Dirac scattering in the emergent lattice

Detection of Bloch oscillations and lattice shaking effects

Potential to realize unconventional band structures like quasi-flat bands

Abstract

Periodic band structures are a hallmark phenomenon of condensed matter physics. While often imposed by external potentials, periodicity can also arise through the interplay of couplings that are not necessarily spatially periodic on their own. Here, we investigate dynamics in a lattice structure that emerges from the simultaneous application of Raman and radio frequency coupling to a dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensate. We demonstrate a variety of techniques including Kapitza-Dirac scattering, Bloch oscillations, and lattice shaking with spin and momentum resolved measurements. This combined coupling scheme allows for exceptional tunability and control, enabling future investigations into unconventional band structures such as quasi-flat ground bands and those with semimetal-like band gaps.