Precise Q value measurements of $^{112,113}$Ag and $^{115}$Cd with the Canadian Penning trap for evaluation of potential ultra-low Q value $\beta$-decays

TL;DR

This study used the Canadian Penning Trap to precisely measure the Q values of specific isotopes, determining the feasibility of ultra-low Q value beta decays relevant for neutrino mass experiments.

Contribution

The paper provides new high-precision measurements of Q values for $^{112,113}$Ag and $^{115}$Cd, clarifying their potential as ultra-low Q value beta decay candidates.

Findings

Potential ultra-low Q value decays of $^{112}$Ag and $^{115}$Cd are ruled out.

$^{113}$Ag remains a candidate pending further measurements.

Discrepancy found in the mass of $^{113}$Ag compared to previous data.

Abstract

An ultra-low Q value $\beta$-decay can occur from a parent nuclide to an excited state in the daughter with $Q_{UL}$ <1 keV. These decays are of interest for nuclear $\beta$-decay theory and as potential candidates in neutrino mass determination experiments. To date, only one ultra-low Q value $\beta$-decay has been observed -- that of $^{115}$In with $Q_\beta$ = 147(10) eV. A number of other potential candidates exist, but improved mass measurements are necessary to determine if the decays are energetically allowed and, in fact, ultra-low. We performed precise $\beta$-decay Q value measurements of $^{112,113}$Ag and $^{115}$Cd and combined them with nuclear energy level data for the daughter isotopes to determine if the potential UL Q value $\beta$-decay branches of $^{112,113}$Ag and $^{115}$Cd are energetically allowed and <1 keV. The Canadian Penning Trap at ANL was used to measure the cyclotron frequency ratios of singly-charged $^{112,113}$Ag and $^{115}$Cd ions with respect to their daughters. From these measurements, the ground-state $\beta$-decay Q values were obtained. The $^{112}$Ag, $^{113}$Ag, and $^{115}$Cd $\beta$-decay Q values were measured to be 3990.16(22) keV, 2085.7(4.6) keV, and 1451.36(34) keV, respectively. These results were compared to energies of excited states in $^{112}$Cd at 3997.75(14) keV, $^{113}$Cd at 2015.6(2.5) and 2080(10) keV, and $^{115}$In at 1448.787(9) keV, resulting in $Q_{\textrm{UL}}$ values of --7.59(26) keV, 6(11) keV, and 2.57(34) keV, respectively. The potential UL Q value decays of $^{112}$Ag and $^{115}$Cd have been ruled out. $^{113}$Ag is still a possible candidate until a more precise measurement of the 2080(10) keV, 1/2$^{+}$ state of $^{113}$Cd is available. In the course of this work we have found the ground state mass of $^{113}$Ag reported in the 2020AME to be lower than our measurement by 69(17) keV (a 4$\sigma$ discrepancy).