Mixed-mode oscillations in coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators: blowup analysis of cusped singularities

TL;DR

This paper analyzes mixed-mode oscillations in coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators, revealing they originate from cusp singularities rather than folds, using geometric singular perturbation theory and blowup techniques.

Contribution

It identifies cusp singularities as the source of MMOs in coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo units and analytically determines the number of small oscillations via blowup methods.

Findings

MMOs are caused by cusp singularities, not folded singularities.

Number of SAOs is analytically determined by Weber equation and eigenvalue ratios.

A saddle-node bifurcation on a cusp leads to invariant cylinders and SAO onset.

Abstract

In this paper, we use geometric singular perturbation theory and blowup, as our main technical tool, to study the mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs) that occur in two coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo units with symmetric and repulsive coupling. In particular, we demonstrate that the MMOs in this model are not due to generic folded singularities, but rather due to singularities at a cusp -- not a fold -- of the critical manifold. Using blowup, we determine the number of SAOs analytically, showing -- as for the folded nodes -- that they are determined by the Weber equation and the ratio of eigenvalues. We also show that the model undergoes a (symmetric) saddle-node bifurcation in the desingularized reduced problem, which -- although resembling a folded saddle-node (type II) at this level -- also occurs on a cusp, and not a fold. We demonstrate that this bifurcation is associated with the emergence of an invariant cylinder, the onset of SAOs, as well as SAOs of increasing amplitude. We relate our findings with numerical computations and find excellent agreement.