Comparing the convected level-set and the Allen-Cahn phase-field methods in AMR/C simulations of two-phase flows

TL;DR

This paper compares convected level-set and Allen-Cahn phase-field methods for simulating two-phase flows with surface tension, emphasizing their implementation, conservation properties, and performance with adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening.

Contribution

It introduces a modified convected level-set method with integrated re-initialization and compares it to a conservative Allen-Cahn phase-field approach within a unified computational framework.

Findings

Both methods effectively simulate two-phase flows with adaptive mesh refinement.

The convected level-set method accurately captures surface tension effects.

The Allen-Cahn phase-field approach conserves mass effectively.

Abstract

The modeling and simulation of two-phase flows is still an active research area, mainly when surface tension is present. One way to model the different phases is with interface capturing methods. Two well-established interface capturing approaches are the level-set and phase-field methods. The level-set method is known for its ability to compute the surface tension accurately, and phase-field models satisfy the second law of thermodynamics. This paper reviews and compares a level-set and a phase-field approach to simulate two-phase flows. We use a modified level-set method, called convected level-set. The difference to the standard level-set method is that the re-initialization step is embedded in the convection equation, avoiding a separate step during the calculation. We also apply a global mass conservation procedure to enforce the mass balance between phases. On the other hand, the phase-field approach uses a conservative Allen-Cahn equation with a Lagrange multiplier to conserve the mass. The methods are implemented in libMesh, a parallel adaptive finite element library, using the same finite element formulations, time-marching schemes, solvers, and mesh adaptivity strategies. We present numerical solutions for the two methods considering adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening (AMR/C). Results are analyzed and discussed.