Ferroelectric control of magnetic skyrmions in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures

TL;DR

This paper predicts that ferroelectric polarization in 2D heterostructures can control magnetic skyrmions via Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, enabling electric manipulation of skyrmions for spintronic devices.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework showing how ferroelectric control can modulate skyrmions in 2D vdW heterostructures, a novel approach for low-power spintronic applications.

Findings

Ferroelectric polarization reversal controls DMI magnitude.

Skyrmions can be created or annihilated by switching ferroelectric polarization.

Reversing ferroelectric polarization changes skyrmion chirality.

Abstract

Magnetic skyrmions are chiral nanoscale spin textures which are usually induced by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Recently, magnetic skyrmions have been observed in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic materials, such as Fe$_{3}$GeTe$_{2}$. The electric control of skyrmions is important for their potential application in low-power memory technologies. Here, we predict that DMI and magnetic skyrmions in a Fe$_{3}$GeTe$_{2}$ monolayer can be controlled by ferroelectric polarization of an adjacent 2D vdW ferroelectric In$_{2}$Se$_{3}$. Based on density functional theory and atomistic spin-dynamics modeling, we find that the interfacial symmetry breaking produces a sizable DMI in a Fe$_{3}$GeTe$_{2}$/In$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ vdW heterostructure. We show that the magnitude of DMI can be controlled by ferroe-lectric polarization reversal, leading to creation and annihilation of skyrmions. Furthermore, we find that the sign of DMI in a In$_{2}$Se$_{3}$/Fe$_{3}$GeTe$_{2}$/In$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ heterostructure changes with ferroelectric switching reversing the skyrmion chirality. The predicted electrically controlled skyrmion formation may be interesting for spintronic applications.