Kaon electromagnetic form factors in dispersion theory

TL;DR

This paper performs a comprehensive analysis of kaon electromagnetic form factors using dispersion theory, constraining low-energy singularities, and providing results relevant for particle physics phenomena like the muon g-2 and Dashen's theorem.

Contribution

It introduces a global analysis method that combines theoretical constraints with experimental data to determine kaon form factors and related physical quantities.

Findings

Charged kaon charge radius: 0.359(3) fm^2

Neutral kaon charge radius: -0.060(4) fm^2

Elastic contribution to Dashen's theorem violation: 0.63(40)

Abstract

The electromagnetic form factors of charged and neutral kaons are strongly constrained by their low-energy singularities, in the isovector part from two-pion intermediate states and in the isoscalar contribution in terms of $\omega$ and $\phi$ residues. The former can be predicted using the respective $\pi\pi\to\bar K K$ partial-wave amplitude and the pion electromagnetic form factor, while the latter parameters need to be determined from electromagnetic reactions involving kaons. We present a global analysis of time- and spacelike data that implements all of these constraints. The results enable manifold applications: kaon charge radii, elastic contributions to the kaon electromagnetic self energies and corrections to Dashen's theorem, kaon boxes in hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering, and the $\phi$ region in hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP). Our main results are: $\langle r^2\rangle_\text{c}=0.359(3)\,\text{fm}^2$, $\langle r^2\rangle_\text{n}=-0.060(4)\,\text{fm}^2$ for the charged and neutral radii, $\epsilon=0.63(40)$ for the elastic contribution to the violation of Dashen's theorem, $a_\mu^{K\text{-box}}=-0.48(1)\times 10^{-11}$ for the charged kaon box in HLbL scattering, and $a_\mu^\text{HVP}[K^+K^-, \leq 1.05\,\text{GeV}]=184.5(2.0)\times 10^{-11}$, $a_\mu^\text{HVP}[K_SK_L, \leq 1.05\,\text{GeV}]=118.3(1.5)\times 10^{-11}$ for the HVP integrals around the $\phi$ resonance. The global fit to $\bar K K$ gives $\bar M_\phi=1019.479(5)\,\text{MeV}$, $\bar \Gamma_\phi=4.207(8)\,\text{MeV}$ for the $\phi$ resonance parameters including vacuum-polarization effects.