A Novel Anomaly Detection Method for Multimodal WSN Data Flow via a Dynamic Graph Neural Network

TL;DR

This paper introduces a dynamic graph neural network model that effectively detects anomalies in multimodal wireless sensor network data by capturing temporal, spatial, and modal correlations, significantly outperforming existing methods.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel GNN-based anomaly detection model that integrates temporal, modal, and spatial features for improved accuracy in WSN data analysis.

Findings

F1 score of 0.90, 14.2% higher than GCN-LSTM

Enhanced robustness in anomaly detection

Effective fusion of multimodal, temporal, and spatial features

Abstract

Anomaly detection is widely used to distinguish system anomalies by analyzing the temporal and spatial features of wireless sensor network (WSN) data streams; it is one of critical technique that ensures the reliability of WSNs. Currently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have become popular state-of-the-art methods for conducting anomaly detection on WSN data streams. However, the existing anomaly detection methods based on GNNs do not consider the temporal and spatial features of WSN data streams simultaneously, such as multi-node, multi-modal and multi-time features, seriously impacting their effectiveness. In this paper, a novel anomaly detection model is proposed for multimodal WSN data flows, where three GNNs are used to separately extract the temporal features of WSN data flows, the correlation features between different modes and the spatial features between sensor node positions. Specifically, first, the temporal features and modal correlation features extracted from each sensor node are fused into one vector representation, which is further aggregated with the spatial features, i.e., the spatial position relationships of the nodes; finally, the current time-series data of WSN nodes are predicted, and abnormal states are identified according to the fusion features. The simulation results obtained on a public dataset show that the proposed approach is able to significantly improve upon the existing methods in terms of its robustness, and its F1 score reaches 0.90, which is 14.2% higher than that of the graph convolution network (GCN) with long short-term memory (LSTM).