Micro-scale investigations of temperature-dependent Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) in the temperature range 4-50 {\deg}C

TL;DR

This study investigates how temperature influences Microbially-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) processes, revealing temperature-dependent variations in bacterial activity, precipitate formation, and cementation efficiency, which are crucial for optimizing applications like soil stabilization.

Contribution

The paper provides new insights into the effects of a wide temperature range on MICP, highlighting how temperature impacts bacterial activity and calcium carbonate precipitation dynamics.

Findings

Different calcium carbonate types form at various temperatures

Low temperature limits cementation amount despite active bacteria

High temperature reduces bacterial activity but can be mitigated by repeated bacterial injections

Abstract

Microbially-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) involves a series of bio-geochemical reactions whereby microbes alter the surrounding aqueous environment and induce calcium carbonate precipitation. MICP has a broad range of applications, including in-situ soil stabilization. However, the reliability of this process is dependent on a number of environmental conditions. In particular, bacterial growth, bacterial activity, and precipitation kinetics all depend on temperature. Batch test and microfluidic chip experiments were performed in this study to investigate the effects of temperature on bacterial density and activity and the MICP processes occurring at different temperatures (4-50{\deg}C). Spatial and temporal variations in the formation and development of calcium carbonate precipitates, including their amount, type, growth rate, formation, and deformation characteristics, were monitored. Results show that different types of calcium carbonate precipitates with varying sizes and quantities were produced by varying the temperature. Low temperature (4{\deg}C) did not reduce bacterial activity, but limited the final amount of cementation; low temperature reduced bacterial growth and attachment ratio, as well as calcium carbonate precipitation rate. High temperature (50{\deg}C) conditions significantly reduced bacterial activity within a short period of time, whilst a repeated injection of bacteria before every two injections of cementation solution increased the final amount of cementation. The findings made from this paper provide insight into how MICP processes vary across a range of temperatures and could be valuable for optimising the MICP process for different applications.