Energy reconstruction of hadronic showers at the CERN PS and SPS using the Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter

TL;DR

This paper presents the energy reconstruction method and performance evaluation of the CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter (SDHCAL) tested with hadron beams at CERN PS and SPS, demonstrating its stability and high resolution across a wide energy range.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel energy reconstruction approach for the SDHCAL and validates its linearity, resolution, and stability using data from multiple beamlines and years.

Findings

Confirmed SDHCAL's excellent energy resolution and linearity.

Demonstrated stability of SDHCAL across different beam conditions.

Validated the energy reconstruction method over a broad energy range.

Abstract

The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL) is the first technological prototype in a family of high-granularity calorimeters developed by the CALICE Collaboration to equip the experiments of future lepton colliders. The SDHCAL is a sampling calorimeter using stainless steel for absorber and Glass Resistive Plate Chambers (GRPC) as a sensitive medium. The GRPC are read out by 1~cm $\times$ 1~cm pickup pads combined to a multi-threshold electronics. The prototype was exposed to hadron beams in both the CERN PS and the SPS beamlines in 2015 allowing the test of the SDHCAL in a large energy range from 3~GeV to 80~GeV. After introducing the method used to select the hadrons of our data and reject the muon and electron contamination, we present the energy reconstruction approach that we apply to the data collected from both beamlines and we discuss the response linearity and the energy resolution of the SDHCAL. The results obtained in the two beamlines confirm the excellent SDHCAL performance observed with the data collected with the same prototype in the SPS beamline in 2012. They also show the stability of the SDHCAL in different beam conditions and different time periods.