Mid and Far-Infrared Color-Color Relations within Local Galaxies

TL;DR

This study analyzes infrared color-color relations in local galaxies using multi-wavelength data, revealing that star formation activity and metallicity significantly influence IR color correlations within star-forming regions.

Contribution

It provides new insights into how star formation and metallicity affect IR color-color correlations, with a detailed analysis of spatially-resolved regions in local galaxies.

Findings

Strong IR color-color correlations in high star formation density galaxies.

Weaker or no correlations in galaxies with lower star formation activity.

Metallicity impacts the SFR-$L_{8}$ relation, complicating its use as a SFR indicator.

Abstract

We present an extensive archival analysis of a sample of local galaxies, combining multi-wavelength data from GALEX, Spitzer and Herschel to investigate "blue-side" mid-infrared (MIR) and "red-side" far-infrared (FIR) color-color correlations within the observed infrared spectral energy distributions (IR SEDs). Our sample largely consists of the KINGFISH galaxies, with the important addition of a select few including NGC5236 (M83) and NGC4449. With data from the far-ultraviolet FUV (${\sim}0.15$ $\mu$m) through 500 $\mu$m convolved to common angular resolution, we measure photometry of $kpc$-scale star-forming regions 36$"\times$36$"$ in size. Star formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses and metallicity distributions are derived throughout our sample. Focusing on the $f_{70}/f_{500}$ "FIR" and $f_{8}/f_{24}$ "MIR" flux density ratios (colors), we find that a sub-sample of galaxies demonstrate a strong IR color-color correlation within their star-forming regions, while others demonstrate uncorrelated colors. This division is driven by two main effects: 1) the local strength of star formation (SF) and 2) the metal content of the interstellar medium (ISM). Galaxies uniformly dominated by high surface densities of SF (e.g. NGC5236) demonstrate strong IR color-color correlations, while galaxies that exhibit lower levels of SF and mixed environments (e.g. NGC5457) demonstrate weaker or no correlation--explained by the increasing effect of varying ISM heating and metal content on the IR colors, specifically in the MIR. We find large dispersion in the SFR-$L_{8}$ (8 $\mu$m luminosity) relation that is traced by the metallicity distributions, consistent with extant studies, highlighting its problematic use as a SFR indicator across diverse systems/samples.