Incorporating Texture Information into Dimensionality Reduction for High-Dimensional Images

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel approach to incorporate spatial neighborhood and texture information into distance measures for dimensionality reduction methods like t-SNE, enhancing visualization of high-dimensional images.

Contribution

It presents a new method that modifies distance measures to include local spatial and texture information in high-dimensional image data visualization.

Findings

Improved visualization quality in high-dimensional image data.

Effective incorporation of local texture features into dimensionality reduction.

Validated on synthetic and real-world datasets.

Abstract

High-dimensional imaging is becoming increasingly relevant in many fields from astronomy and cultural heritage to systems biology. Visual exploration of such high-dimensional data is commonly facilitated by dimensionality reduction. However, common dimensionality reduction methods do not include spatial information present in images, such as local texture features, into the construction of low-dimensional embeddings. Consequently, exploration of such data is typically split into a step focusing on the attribute space followed by a step focusing on spatial information, or vice versa. In this paper, we present a method for incorporating spatial neighborhood information into distance-based dimensionality reduction methods, such as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). We achieve this by modifying the distance measure between high-dimensional attribute vectors associated with each pixel such that it takes the pixel's spatial neighborhood into account. Based on a classification of different methods for comparing image patches, we explore a number of different approaches. We compare these approaches from a theoretical and experimental point of view. Finally, we illustrate the value of the proposed methods by qualitative and quantitative evaluation on synthetic data and two real-world use cases.