Foliations and stable maps

TL;DR

This paper explores the algebraic and categorical structures of foliations on algebraic varieties via derived algebraic geometry, focusing on the moduli of algebraic trajectories and their relation to Gromov-Witten theory and dynamical systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework for studying algebraic trajectories of vector fields using derived stacks, and proposes a Zeta function as an algebraic analogue of Ruelle's dynamical Zeta function.

Findings

Proper moduli of algebraic trajectories are constructed for specific genus and marked points.

Categorical constructions relate algebraic trajectories to Gromov-Witten theory.

A Zeta function counting zeros of vector fields is proposed as an algebraic dynamical invariant.

Abstract

This paper is part of an ongoing series of works on the study of foliations on algebraic varieties via derived algebraic geometry. We focus here on the specific case of globally defined vector fields and the global behaviour of their algebraic integral curves. For a smooth and proper variety $X$ with a global vector field $\nu$, we consider the induced vector field $\nu_{g,n}$ on the derived stack of stable maps, of genus $g$ with $n$ marked points, to $X$. When $(g,n)$ is either $(0,2)$ or $(1,0)$, the derived stack of zeros of $\nu_{g,n}$ defines a proper \emph{moduli of algebraic trajectories} of $\nu$. When $(g,n)=(0,2)$ algebraic trajectories behave very much like rational algebraic paths from one zero of $\nu$ to another, and in particular they can be composed. This composition is represented by the usual gluing maps in Gromov-Witten theory, and we use it give three categorical constructions, of different categorical levels, related, in a certain sense, by decategorification. In order to do this, in particular, we have to deal with virtual fundamental classes of non-quasi-smooth derived stacks. When $(g,n)=(1,0)$, zeros of $\nu_{1,0}$ might be thought as algebraic analogues of periodic orbits of vector fields on smooth real manifolds. In particular, we propose a Zeta function counting the zeros of $\nu_{1,0}$, that we like to think of as an algebraic version of Ruelle's dynamical Zeta function. We conclude the paper with a brief indication on how to extend these results to the case of general one dimensional foliation $F$, by considering the derived stack of $F$-equivariant stable maps.