Simulation and Parameterization of Longitudinal Development in Extensive Air Showers for Different Hadronic Interaction Models

TL;DR

This study simulates extensive air showers using AIRES across different hadronic models, energies, and primary particles, parameterizing their longitudinal development and comparing results with experimental data, revealing good agreement for proton primaries at high energy.

Contribution

It introduces a new four-parameter sigmoidal function to model the longitudinal development of air showers across various conditions, enhancing understanding of hadronic interaction models.

Findings

Parameterization matches experimental data for proton primaries at 10^19 eV

New four-parameter model effectively describes shower development

Good agreement observed between simulations and Pierre Auger data

Abstract

The simulation analysis of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) was executed by exploring the longitudinal development employing the AIRES system (version 19.04.00) for several hadronic interaction models (SIBYLL, QGSJET, and EPOS) for high energies. The simulation was performed for different high energies (10^17, 10^18, and 10^19) eV and two dissimilar primary particles, proton as well iron nuclei, with several zenith angles values (0^o, 10^o, and 30^o). The shower size of longitudinal development was parameterized using the sigmoidal function (Boltzmann model) and gave a new four parameters as functions of the primary energy between the energy extent (10^17-10^19) eV. The comparison among the acquired results data (the parameterized number of shower particles) along with the experimental results (Pierre Auger experiment) had offered a fascinating matching for the primary proton at the fixed primary energy 10^19 eV for vertical EAS showers.