CortexODE: Learning Cortical Surface Reconstruction by Neural ODEs

TL;DR

CortexODE introduces a neural ODE-based framework for rapid and accurate cortical surface reconstruction from MRI scans, ensuring topological correctness and efficiency in diverse age groups.

Contribution

This work presents CortexODE, a novel neural ODE approach for cortical surface deformation with theoretical guarantees and integration into a fast, automated pipeline.

Findings

Achieves less than 0.2mm average geometric error

Reconstructs surfaces in under 5 seconds

Outperforms traditional pipelines in speed and accuracy

Abstract

We present CortexODE, a deep learning framework for cortical surface reconstruction. CortexODE leverages neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to deform an input surface into a target shape by learning a diffeomorphic flow. The trajectories of the points on the surface are modeled as ODEs, where the derivatives of their coordinates are parameterized via a learnable Lipschitz-continuous deformation network. This provides theoretical guarantees for the prevention of self-intersections. CortexODE can be integrated to an automatic learning-based pipeline, which reconstructs cortical surfaces efficiently in less than 5 seconds. The pipeline utilizes a 3D U-Net to predict a white matter segmentation from brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, and further generates a signed distance function that represents an initial surface. Fast topology correction is introduced to guarantee homeomorphism to a sphere. Following the isosurface extraction step, two CortexODE models are trained to deform the initial surface to white matter and pial surfaces respectively. The proposed pipeline is evaluated on large-scale neuroimage datasets in various age groups including neonates (25-45 weeks), young adults (22-36 years) and elderly subjects (55-90 years). Our experiments demonstrate that the CortexODE-based pipeline can achieve less than 0.2mm average geometric error while being orders of magnitude faster compared to conventional processing pipelines.