NORM: An FPGA-based Non-volatile Memory Emulation Framework for Intermittent Computing

TL;DR

NORM is an FPGA-based framework that emulates non-volatile memory behavior to facilitate the design and validation of intermittent computing systems, addressing the lack of prototyping tools.

Contribution

It introduces NORM, a novel FPGA-based emulator enabling rapid prototyping and verification of intermittent computing architectures with non-volatile memories.

Findings

Successfully emulates FeRAM-based architectures

Enables validation of intermittent computing systems

Facilitates rapid prototyping and testing

Abstract

Intermittent computing systems operate by relying only on harvested energy accumulated in their tiny energy reservoirs, typically capacitors. An intermittent device dies due to a power failure when there is no energy in its capacitor and boots again when the harvested energy is sufficient to power its hardware components. Power failures prevent the forward progress of computation due to the frequent loss of computational state. To remedy this problem, intermittent computing systems comprise built-in fast non-volatile memories with high write endurance to store information that persists despite frequent power failures. However, the lack of design tools makes fast-prototyping these systems difficult. Even though FPGAs are common platforms for fast prototyping and behavioral verification of continuously-powered architectures, they do not target prototyping intermittent computing systems. This article introduces a new FPGA-based framework, named NORM (Non-volatile memORy eMulator), to emulate and verify the behavior of any intermittent computing system that exploits fast non-volatile memories. Our evaluation showed that NORM can be used to emulate and validate FeRAM-based transiently-powered hardware architectures successfully.